،: Zeyn al-Abedin Maraghei

Zeyn al-Abedin Maraghei (romanized as "Zeyn-al-’Abedin Maraghe’i"; 1840 in Maragheh – 1910 in Istanbul) was a pioneer novelist and a social reformer. He is most known for the 1895 story of Travel Diary of Ebrahim Beg (sīyāhat nāmeh-ī Ebrāhīm-ī Beg). This work was critical in the development of novel writing in twentieth-century Iran, and played an important political role as well. The story was a criticism on political and social affairs. It was widely read in Iran and gained the interest of revolutionaries and reformers who made the Constitutional Revolution of 1906.This book was published in three volumes and about 800 pages.

From the autobiography of Zain al-Abidin Maragheh, in the introduction to the third volume of his famous novel, (sīyāhat nāmeh-ī Ebrāhīm-ī Beg)* (pp. 548-538), it appears that his paternal ancestors named Ali bin Haji Rasool (p. 257) were from the Kurds of the city of Mahabad, located in the east Kurdistan and were from the tribe and elders there.at first, they were followers of the Sunni Shafi'i religion, but then, like some other sections of the society around them, they converted to the Shia religion due to the political conditions and social nature of their time.They engaged in business in Maragheh and were capable and diligent in their business.

Life

Maraghei received schooling until the age of sixteen and then joined his father’s trade and worked as a merchant. Facing troubles for agitating officials (of the kadkhuda and farash titles in particular), he left Iran for Tbilisi where he worked as a small merchant, at a time when Iranian workers were gradually moving to the city for work.[2] He was eventually employed at the Iranian consulate, but the mismanagement caused him to leave. He then went to Russia and renounced his Iranian citizenship.he regained his Iranian citizenship later through a connection in Istanbul. Maraghei then took permanent residence in Istanbul where he became associated with Persian-language shams paper published in Istanbul and hablul matin published in Calcutta.[3]

Travel Diary of Ebrahim Beg

The author of the book, as he is, has an earthy personality. He tries to be honest, familiar, and intimate with the society that he is not even from there, in such a way that he is considered and believed as a patriotic person.so,The main character in the Travel Diary of Ebrahim Beg resembles the author himself. Ebrahim too is a merchant who lives outside the country of his birth, but has a mental and spiritual preoccupation with his homeland, and above all, he wants it to change and reform. Ebrahim lives in Egypt where his father took residence many years ago, and has a reputation as an honest merchant.he is also motivated by his father’s will that instructs him to take time off from work and travel for several years recording his experiences. Before reaching Iran, Ebrahim is saddened when he sees miserable Iranians migrants doing the most difficult labor. His despair is only exacerbated when he reaches Iran. Ebrahim travels through many cities, and everyone suffers from the same problems: people are ignorant and self-centered; the clerics are deceitful, act for their own profit, and focus more on ritual purity than on the well-being of the nation; state officials (even in consulates abroad) take bribes, disregard the rule of law, assign jobs without regard for merit, and subordinate the nation’s interests to colonial concessions.[4] Then, there are infrastructural problems: no institutions exist to address widespread opium use that even has currency among the ulema, clean water is hard to come by and there are not adequate schools and health facilities.[5] In Tehran, Ebrahim seeks to meet officials and explain to them the poor conditions of the country so that they may act. But, his eloquent descriptions are futile: officials become irritated and ask him to go away. Because of their response (or lack thereof), he puts his suggestions into writing. His reforms include respect for freedom and independence, the advancement of nation’s industries, promotion of culture, ending of colonial influence, and creation of a trade surplus.[6]

References

Ir, the Green Movement and the USA: The Fox and the Paradox by Hamid Dabashi. Quote

Aryanpour, Yahya (1972). From Saba to Nima: 150 Years of Persian Literature: Volume I (Az sabā tā Nīmā: tārīkh-ī 150 sāl adab-i Fārsī: jeld-ī yek). Tehran: Sherkat-i sahami. p. 305.

Ibid. p. 306.

Maraghei, Zeyn al-Abedin (1888). The Travel Diary of Ebrahim Beg (Sīyāhat nāmeh-ī Ebrāhīm-ī Beg). Introduction and commentary by Muhammad Amin. Nashr-i sepīdeh. pp. 50, 55, 86.

Ibid. p. 66.

Ibid. p. 96.