Mahmud Bayazidi

 

Mahmud Bayazidi

Born in 1797

Agirî , Bazîd

Died 1863 (Age 66)

Erzirom

nationality Kurd

Profession Kurdologist, Writer, Historian, Linguist, Storyteller, Translator

The 19th century

Effective Sharefkhan Bedlisi, Ahmed Khani, Mella Batei, Ali Teremaxi , Mella Khalil Serti and Qanat Kurdo

religion unknown

Mahmud Bayazidi (Kurdish: Mele Mehmûdê Bazîdî, romanized: Mehmûdê Bazîdî, 1797 Doğubeyazıt – 1859 Erzurum), was a Kurdish philosopher and polymath from North Kurdistan.

Early life

He started his studies by reading the religious texts, and then learning common languages of the time.when he returned to his hometown, he worked as a teacher. After the fall of Kurdish emirates in Bayazid, he moved to Erzurum.He has gone through war, economic and political difficulties in his life. Many aspects of his life are unclear.He was among the first Kurdish writers and researchers who wrote his works in Kurdish.

Works

M.Bazidi is one of the most prolific Kurdish scholars and intellectuals of the 19th century. But as much as his prolific works are available on various topics related to history, customs and traditions, stories, translations and many other aspects of his nation, he is less known among his nation.the list of his works is not complete here.

In 1856, the Russian academic A. Dorne, asked A.D. Jaba, the newly appointed Russian consulate in Erzurum, for assistance in analyzing documents in the Kurdish language. Jaba, in turn, employed Mahmud Bayazidi in the field of Kurdish language, history and Culture. With the assistance of Bayazidi, a number of Kurdish documents were sent to the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg, including some of Bayazidi's own writings. In 1858-1859, Bayazidi, edited the Kurdish grammar book by Ali Taramokhi (Kurdish writer of 15-16th century). He also wrote a book containing 3,000 phrases in Kurdish, which shed light on the life of Kurds in the 19th century. This book was translated into French by A.D. Jaba in 1880. Bayazidi, wrote another book called Habits and Customs of Kurds, which has been published in 1963 by the famous Russian Kurdologist Margarita Rudenko. From the correspondences of A.D. Jaba with Saint Petersburg, it is evident that Bayazidi had written a book about the modern history of the Kurds, covering the period 1785-1858, although this book appears to have been lost, except for the French translation of its preface. Bayazidi and Jaba also played an instrumental role in preserving old Kurdish literature by collecting more than 50 volumes of old hand written Kurdish classic texts and sending them to the Library of Saint Petersburg. These texts which have been preserved until now, include the epics of well known classical poets such as Faqi Tayran, Malaye Bate, Malaye Jaziri and Mem û Zîn (Mam and Zin) by Ahmad Khani. This collection was finally published in 1961 by M.B. Rudenko, titled About the hand-written Kurdish texts in Leningrad.

Cami'eyê Risaleyan û Hikayetan(A collection of several articles and stories).

Bazidi wrote this independent work with his signature as a different work among his other works.

The stories in this collection are not like the stories we know. All of them are based on real daily documents that have been prevalent among the people of Kurdistan. Bazidi wrote it in a popular version and turned it into a story and presented it beautifully and eloquently. The names of people, villages, places and even the relevant dates in it are all according to their time. Each of them is based on an experience or an event.

During the period 1858-1859, Mahmud Bayazidi and A.D. Jaba, wrote the first Kurdish-French and French-Kurdish dictionary, published in 1879. During the same period, Mahmud Bayazidi, translated the Sharafnama (history of the Kurdish nation) into Kurdish. This is considered to be the first Kurdish history book in modern times. Its hand-written version is preserved in the Russian National Library. It was published for the first time in 1986.

Published books

Bayazidi, Mahmud, Mem û Zîn (Mem and Zin), an abstract of Ahmad Khani's poem, Kurmanji version with French translation by Alexandre Jaba, introduced by Hakem, Helkewt, Debireh, no 5, Paris, 1989.

Bayazidi, Mela Mahmud, 'Adat u rasumatname-ye Akradiye, ("Habits and customs of Kurds"), original manuscript (Kurmandjî in Ottoman characters), published by M. B. Rudenko, with an introduction and Russian translation : Nravy i Obycaj Kurdov, Moscow, 1963.

Mela Mahmud Bayazidi, Tawarikh-i Qadim-i Kurdistan ; perevod Saraf-Khana Bidlisi s persidskogo âzyka na kurdskij âzyk ; izdanie teksta, predislovie, ukazateli i oglavlenie K. K. Kurdoeva i Z. S. Musaélân Megjelenés: Moskva : Nauka, 1986. (Kurdish translation of Sharafnama by Sharaf al-Din Khan Bidlisi)

A summary of Bayezidi's works (this part of the text and dialect of Kurmanji).

Ferhenga Kurdî-Rûsî-Fransizî û Rûsî-Fransizî-Kurdî

Ferhenga Kurdî-Fransiwî (Dictionnaire Kurde Francais)

Ferhenga Kurdî ya bi Diyalekta Hekarî-Rewendî - Frensî

Tewarîxî cedîdî Kurdistan

Adat û Rusûmetnameê Ekradiye

Cami’eya Rîsaleyan û Hîkayetan

Risaleyekê di Behsa Şaîr û Musenefên di Kurdîstanê

Risaleyekê di Behsa Be'dê Eşayir û Qebayil û Taîfeyê di Kurdîstanê

Muqedîma Ilmê Serfê û Tealîmeyê bi Zimanî Kurmancî

Ism û Navên Kurmanciyan ku Temam û Bêkemasî Dibêjin

Ism û Navê Jinê Kurmanciyan ku Temam û Bêkemasî Dibêjin

Tuhfetul-Xîlan Fî Zimanê Kurdan

Wergera Şerefnameya Mîr Şerefxanê Bidlîsî A Mela Mehmûdê Bazîdî

Mem û Zîn A Mele Mehmûdê Bazîdî

Yusif û Zuleyxayê A Mele Mehmûdê Bazîdî

Çîroka Sêxê Senan A Mele Mehmûdê Bazîdî

Destana Kela Dimdimê A Mele Mehmûdê Bazîdî

Leyla û Mecnûn A Mele Mehmûdê Bazîdî

Bersîsê Abid A Mele Mehmûdê Bazîdî

Qewlê Hespê Reş A Mele Mehmûdê Bazîdî

Zembîlfiroş A Mele Mehmûdê Bazîdî

ve Wergerên wî

References

Mela Mehmûdê Bazîdî, Classical Kurdish Literature (in Kurdish)

Modern Kurdish Artistic Prose, By: Farhad Shakely, Uppsala university, Sweden

J. Musaelian. On the First Kurdish Edition of the Sharaf nama by Mullâ (Mela) Mahmud Bayazidi, International Journal for Oriental Manuscript Research, Vol.5, No. 4 December 1999.

J. S. Musaelyan. Mela Mahmud Bayazidi and His First Translation of Sharaf-name by Sharaf-khan Bidlisi into the Kurdish Language,

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Osman Sebri

 

Some of Osman Sebri's writings have been published in 57 issues of Hawar newspaper.

this work named "Li Goristaneke Diyarbakır" is composed of the author's stories taken from Hawar and Ronahî publications, which are arranged and collected in a book based on the date of their writing.

also, another fictional work of his named "Çar Leheng" has been published

,and the book of memories(Bîranînîn). 

b.keleş

  B.Keleş was born in 1947. 

He worked in the editorial office of the Kurdish Riya Teze newspaper for eighteen years. Some of his works were published in a book called "Nishani" in Yerevan in 1983. Some of his works have been published in Armenian and Russian languages. Another of his works, containing poems and stories, was published in the book "Serhati û khalat". 

He passed away in the fall of 2014.

Brva Omeri

 

ibrahim Yildirim, a writer and songwriter, was born in 1942 in the village of Chali in Nusaybin, located in the north of Kurdistan.he used the name Brva Omeri in his writing activity.

he was a physician and in his profession he was compassionate to the people of his region and when he could he provided free health services to the poor and needy people.he was interested in culture and literature and wrote poems, articles and stories in Kurdish language in his daily life.

His works were published in some Kurdish magazines and newspapers. The first priority for him was always to preserve the Kurdish language and to leave works in this direction.

Omeri died on January 4, 2007.

From his works:

-Carekê ji caran

-Pira between Axreşkê and Şêshan

-The status of Welêt

Samand Aliyevich Siabandov

 

SIABEND & KHAJE is one of the old Kurdish love stories that are narrated in the form of prose and syllabic poetry in Kermanji and Surani dialects in different Kurdish regions.in his work, Semendê Elî Siyabendov retells this folk tale in the form of a poetic system.

Samand Aliyevich Siabandov (Russian: Саманд Алиевич Сиабандов, Kurdish: Semendê Elî Siyabendov‎; 20 November 1909 - 14 November 1989) was a Soviet Red Army writer, officer and politician. 

He also was the author of two published poems in the Kurdish language and an Armenian-Kurdish dictionary.

In the field of memoirs

  

Memoir writing is a literary genre.war, prison, daily life, rewriting of past events can all be topics related to this writing style.in this writing genre, there are also different types of stories, narratives, characters, emotions, ways of thinking, environments, history, cultural values, etc.since the writer of memoirs can be any person and in any position, therefore, there is no specific criteria and framework for writing memoirs.what is there is writing and recording.however, some authors of memoirs can officially transform and rewrite their work into a novel or novelette or short story, etc., depending on the topic and context, But not everyone is aware of this or they don't directly make an effort in this regard.

in the field of memoir writing, many Kurdish writers have left behind various works. Currently, it is not possible to deal with the related works.

Suleyman Rahimov

  

Suleyman Huseyn oglu Rahimov (Süleyman Rəhimov; 4 April 1900 – 11 October 1983) the period after the collapse of the last Kurdish governments, was an Azerbaijani-Soviet writer, novelist, prosaist and politician. He was member and chairman of the Union of Azerbaijani Writers. Suleyman Rahimov was a prominent representative of the modern Azerbaijani literature. His creativity is closely linked to a great development period of the Azerbaijani prose. Rahimov's novels are among the noteworthy works of this genre. These novels are characteristic of covering epochal incidents, such as emotionalism, realism, psychology, and craftsmanship from the local folklore.[1] among other authors of Kurdish descent in the Soviet Union, we can mention Ali Valiyev and others.

The birth and development of the new Azerbaijani novelty in the 1930s was closely linked to the writer's creativity. Rahimov started his writing career with a novel that remained the main genre of his prose during his creative activity. Shamo (Şamo) and Sachly (Saçlı) are his most notable works in this regard. In these novels, Rahimov described his characters via the great social events and conflicts of the era, and demonstrated their human qualities.[2]

Life

Early years

Suleyman Rahimov was born in Eyin in the Elisabethpol Governorate of the Russian Empire, which is now in Gubadly District of Azerbaijan[a] on 4 April 1900. According to his memoir Road of life (Həyat yolu), Rahimov was born in a farmer family. He was raised by his father's uncle, Allahverdi. He received education in Allahverdi's Mullah house, but was sent to a Russian school in Gubadly on 1912. When he was 16, Armenian forces occupied Rahimov's birthplace and his family became a refugee. They settled in Gubadly, Kaziyan, Saryl, Aghaly and other nearby settlements. During this time, he lost his mother and two sisters.[3] On 1921 Rahimov went to Khanlig (now de facto called Ishkhanadzor) and worked there as a teacher in a newly opened school. After receiving pedagogical classes in Shusha he worked as a teacher in multiple schools across Zangezursky Uyezd.[4] On 1928 Rahimov and his friend Ali Valiyev went to Baku and studied at the History faculty of Azerbaijan State University for three years. He then gave literacy lessons to old workers in Black City.[5]

Writing career

As nearly every survivor of the Great Purge, Rahimov expressed communist ideas on his works. Suleyman Rahimov started his writing career on 1931, with Shamo (Şamo),[6] which he kept working on until 1978 and released 5 volumes. The series cover numerous events, characters through artistic imagery. There is no such series in the Azerbaijani literature.[5] Shamo has a complex artistic environment. Artistic genius has a spontaneous importance in the novel, largely dependent on the forms of reality that take place directly in the writer's imagination. That is why, in the novel, the artistic principles of socialist realism are essentially intertwined with the writer's imagination.[7] The characteristics and lifestyle of the Shehli village described in Shamo was patriarchal. Rahimov expressed the issues that other Azerbaijani writers of that time, such as Najaf bey Vazirov, Abdurrahim bey Hagverdiyev, Nariman Narimanov and Jalil Mammadguluzadeh did.[8]

During World War Rahimov joined a Soviet unit and moved to Tabriz, Iranian Azerbaijan. During this time he wrote under the pen-name of "Sangarli" (Azerbaijani: Səngərli, lit. with trench). Rahimov wrote a novelette called Death of grandmother (Nənənin ölümü), describing life of children in Tabriz. Suleyman Rahimov became the chairman of the Union of Azerbaijani Writers multiple times (1939–1940, 1944–1946 and 1954–1958).[1]

Political career

Suleyman Rahimov was a communist. From 1934 to 1937 he worked in political professions in Lachin, Samukh, Shahbuz and Norashen districts. Rahimov then worked as Secretary of Propaganda at the Baku City Committee of Communist Party of Azerbaijan (1940–1941), Deputy Head of the Propaganda and Agitation Department at the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan (1941–1944), Chairman of the Cultural and Educational Affairs Committee under the Council of Ministers of Azerbaijan (1945–1958).[9]

Awards

He was awarded with "Golden pen" award of the Union of Azerbaijani Journalists on 1972, three times with Order of Lenin on 1946, 1970 and 1975 respectively, once with Order of the Red Banner of Labour on 1959, once with Order of the Badge of Honour on 1942 and once with Order of Friendship of Peoples on 1980.[10] In 1960 he received the title of People's Writer, and in 1975 he received the honorary title of Hero of Socialist Labour.[11]

Death and legacy

Suleyman Rahimov died on 11 October 1983. He was buried in Alley of Honor.[12]

Suleyman Rahimov is considered one of the most prominent 20th century writers. There is a bust of Rahimov in Mirza Fatali Akhundov National Library of Azerbaijan. There is also a street named after him in Baku. A bust-relief of Rahimov was erected in front of his house in Baku.[3]

Works

Novels

Shamo (Şamo; vol. 1–5, 1931–1978)

Sachly (Saçlı; 1940–1948)

In the mountains of Aghbulag (Ağbulaq dağlarında; 1955–1956)

Monument of mother (Ana abidəsi; 1961–1967)

The Caucasian Eagle (Qafqaz qartalı; vol. 1–3, 1971–1975)

Novellettas

Voice of the Earth (1941)

Aynaly (Aynalı; 1942)

Medallion (Medalyon; 1942)

Brother's grave (Qardaş qəbri; 1943)

Death of grandmother (Nənənin ölümü; 1940s)

Mehman (1944)

Wish (Arzu; 1947)

Cousin (Xalauşağı; 1944)

Legend of the Gyuzgyugol (Güzgügöl əfsanəsi; 1960s)

Relentless neighing (Kəsilməyən kişnərti; 1960s)

Foremost eagle and raven (Baş qartal və alaqarğa; 1960s)

Bahram and Zarafshan (Bəhram və Zərəfşan; 1962)

To one's own solicit (Öz minnətinə; 1967–68)

Kapaz (Kəpəz; 1969–70)

Laughed (Uğundu; 1965)

In the girls' residence (Qızlar oylağında; 1972–74)

Stories

Mahtaban (Məhtaban; ???)

Gudrat Gudratov (Qüdrət Qüdrətov; 1942)

Towel with rooster (Xoruzlu dəsma; 1942)

Water application (Su ərizəsi; 1942)

Bashful guest (Üzsüz qonaq; 1943),

Hag (Küp qarısı; 1943)

Conscientious (Malyeməz; 1944)

Envious person (Paxıl adam; 1944)

Bread without solicit (Minnətsiz çörək; 1945),

Rock of the bride (Gəlin qayası; 1945),

Khahish-nameh (Xahişnamə; 1945)

Village of Mozalan (Mozalan kəndi; 1945)

Step (Ögey; 1945)

Gravel of the nymph (Pəri çınqılı; 1959)

Laughing fish (Gülən balıq; 1964)

Other

From the book of the last days (Ötən günlər dəftərindən; 1946; memoir)

Road of life (Həyat yolu; ???; memoir)

References

 Gulaliyev I 2005, p. 5.

 Gulaliyev I 2005, p. 6.

 "Ən böyük abidə əsərləridir". anl.az. ANL. Archived from the original on 27 June 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2018.

 Shakhverdiyev, Alamdar. Азербайджанские курды (PDF) (in Russian). İRS Heritage. Retrieved 20 December 2018.

 სულეიმან ჰუსეინ-ოღლუ რაჰიმოვი. Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia (8th ed.). Tbilisi. 1984. p. 315.

 Gulaliyev I 2005, p. 2.

 "Qələbə". Ədəbiyyat (newspaper). 10 May 1945. Şamo" üzərində işlədiyim zaman həyat ilə xəyalı qarışdırdığım vaxtlar olurdu. Gülməli də olsa, hətta bəzən ətrafdakı adamlarınmı həqiqət olduğunu, ya "Şamo"dakı aləminmi həqiqət olduğunu mən dolaşdırırdım, hansı xəyaldır, hansı həqiqət?

 Ibrahimov, Mirza (1947). Həyat və ədəbiyyat. Bakı: Azərnəşr.

 "Qarabağın görkəmli şəxsiyyətləri:Süleyman Rəhimov (1900–1983)". virtualkarabakh.az (in Azerbaijani). Official site of "Virtual Qarabağ" ICT Center. 2013. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2018.

 Leonid Brezhnev; M. Georgadze. "Yazıçı S.H.Rəhimovun Xalqlar dostluğu ordeni ilə təltif edilməsi haqqında SSRİ Ali Soveti Rəyasət Heyətinin 21 may 1980-ci il tarixli Fərmanı" [Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 21 May 1980 on awarding the writer S. H. Rahimov with the Order of Friendship of Peoples]. Act of 21 May 1980 (PDF). Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (in Azerbaijani). Kremlin, Moscow: anl.az. p. 142. Retrieved 20 December 2018.

 Karatayev, Mohamed Khan K. Сулейман Рагимов Гусейн оғлы. Kazakh Soviet Encyclopedia (9th ed.).

 "Рагимов Сулейман Гусейн оглы". dic.academic.ru (in Russian). Academic. Archived from the original on 20 December 2018. Retrieved 20 December 2018.

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